Ibn Rished (1126-98), Spanish-Arab Islamic philosopher, jurist and physician, was born in Cordoba. He studied theology, philosophy and mathematics under the Arab philosopher Ibn Tufayl and medicine under the Arab physician Avenzoar. Was appointed a judge in Seville in 1169 and in Cordoba in 1171. In 1182 he became chief physician to Abu Yaqub Yusuf. Held that metaphysical truths can be expressed in two ways, through philosophy, as represented by the views of Aristotle, and through religion. His main independent work was Tahafut al-Tahafut (Incoherence of the Incoherence), a rebuttal of the attack on Neoplatonic and Aristotelian philosophy by the Islamic theologian Al-Ghazali, also wrote books on medicine, astronomy, law and grammar.